Mining is a key driver of economic growth in Madagascar, yet limited transparency in negotiations between authorities and investors, weak enforcement of safeguards, and low community participation have fuelled conflicts in mining regions. Communities near mining sites often raise concerns about corruption in permit allocation, inadequate assessment of socio-economic, cultural, and health impacts, and operations encroaching on critical ecosystems and protected areas. These tensions threaten livelihoods, social cohesion, and investment security. For this project, a research team at CERES will examine how environmental conflicts in mining zones can be addressed through strengthened community rights, inclusive governance, and improved regulatory frameworks. The study will evaluate Corporate Social Responsibility initiatives, citizen participation mechanisms, and legal provisions on community health and social protection. By focusing on social dialogue, environmental justice, and investment security, CERES aims to generate evidence-based recommendations to promote sustainable mining, safeguard vulnerable communities, and ensure that Madagascar’s mineral resources contribute to poverty reduction and long-term economic development.