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Tanzania

Poverty in Tanzania

At the start of the 21st century, Tanzania experienced steady, balanced economic growth. Between 2007 and 2011, with productivity and wealth increasing, the proportion of people living in poverty fell from 56% to 45%.

After 2011, however, poverty rates stagnated and inequality began to grow. Poverty was unevenly distributed, with four-fifths of those in poverty living in rural areas. More recently, the Covid-19 pandemic left around 700,000 more people in poverty. And high food prices across the country have left many Tanzanians facing higher levels of debt and feeling increasingly pessimistic.

DEEP’s work in Tanzania

Everywhere we work, we seek answers to three questions:

n one study, DEEP researchers used advanced statistical techniques to predict the distribution of extreme urban poverty in Tanzania. By using household surveys and satellite imagery, we highlighted the limitations of using surveys alone and found that the poorest neighbourhoods tend to be far from city centres. The research has been cited and discussed at a range of African conferences and meetings, and in the UK. Our work to identify who is living in poverty in Tanzania has also touched on conflict, climate change, social protection and multidimensional poverty. 

Poverty trends in Tanzania

83.5%

of the rural population are living in poverty

54.7%

of the urban population are living in poverty

71.5%

of the population has no access to limited-standard drinking water

Read our updates from Tanzania

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Using data and evidence for impact: DEEP hosts International Conference to reignite momentum towards ending extreme poverty by 2030  
11 Aug 2025
News

Using data and evidence for impact: DEEP hosts International Conference to reignite momentum towards ending extreme poverty by 2030  

DEEP Tanzania Challenge Fund awards grants to four further research projects
20 Feb 2025
News

DEEP Tanzania Challenge Fund awards grants to four further research projects

DEEP Tanzania Challenge Fund awards first six grants to researchers focussing on poverty reduction
23 Dec 2024
News

DEEP Tanzania Challenge Fund awards first six grants to researchers focussing on poverty reduction

DEEP launches Challenge Fund in Tanzania
4 Jul 2024
News

DEEP launches Challenge Fund in Tanzania

The Tanzania Challenge Fund

The DEEP Challenge Fund launched in Tanzania in 2024. Find out more about the winning projects.

Tanzania Challenge Fund

Latest resources

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Steering committee

The DEEP Steering Committee comprises government representatives, academics and NGOs. Together the committee is responsible for developing and approving the strategy of the Tanzania Challenge Fund and providing ongoing support to maximise policy impact opportunities from our research in Tanzania.

Dr John Mduma

Dr John Mduma

Director General, Tanzania Workers Compensation Fund

Dr. Charles Sokile

Dr. Charles Sokile

Country Director, Oxford Policy Management Tanzania Office

Racheal Chagonja

Racheal Chagonja

Chief Executive Officer, National Council of NGOs Tanzania

Ms. Gertrude Mapunda Kihunrwa

Ms. Gertrude Mapunda Kihunrwa

Human Development Team Leader, Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office Tanzania

Prof. Fortunata Makene

Prof. Fortunata Makene

Executive Director, Economic and Social Research Foundation (ESRF)

Prof. Zacharia Masanyiwa

Prof. Zacharia Masanyiwa

Institute of Rural Development Planning

Ms. Silvia Meku

Ms. Silvia Meku

Manager of Social and Demographic Statistics, National Bureau of Statistics

Prof. Beatrice Mkenda

Prof. Beatrice Mkenda

Dean, School of Economics, University of Dar es Salaam

Dr. Donald Mmari

Executive Director, Research on Poverty Alleviation (REPOA)

Mr. Shedrack Mziray

Ag. Executive Director, Tanzania Social Action Fund (TASAF)

Mr. Obey Assery Nkya

Mr. Obey Assery Nkya

CEO, Uchumi Institute

Mr. Juma Reli

Mr. Juma Reli

Executive Director, Zanzibar Research Centre for Socio-Economic and Policy Analysis

Dr. Rahma S. Mahfoudh

Dr. Rahma S. Mahfoudh

Executive Secretary, Zanzibar Planning Commission

Mr. Kadari Singo

Mr. Kadari Singo

Chief Executive Officer, Uongozi Institute

Prof. Jehovaness Aikaeli

Prof. Jehovaness Aikaeli

School of Economics, University of Dar es Salaam

Justice Rutenge

Justice Rutenge

Executive Director – Foundation for Civil Society

Ms Pamela Shao

Ms Pamela Shao

Senior Consultant, Oxford Policy Management

Tanzania Evidence and Gap Map

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