Agriculture is a cornerstone of the Tanzanian economy, contributing 26.2% to GDP and employing 65% of the population. Climate change poses considerable challenges to the sector, with farmers already observing changes in rainfall and cropping seasons. Young farmers are likely to be particularly affected by increasing climate variability as they are already grappling with limited access to essential resources such as land, finance, and modern farming technologies. A consequence is that this group, who are the future of the Tanzanian agricultural sector, can suffer increased poverty and unemployment and ultimately be forced to migrate from rural to urban areas. This research, led by the University of Dar es Salaam, used national panel survey data to investigate how climate variability affects young people’s participation and productivity in the agricultural sector and their resultant poverty levels. Results will inform targeted interventions to aid poverty reduction in this group and support sustainable development in the country.